Blood Matters Read online

  The deafness gene: Robert J. Morell, Ph.D., Hung Jeff Kim, MD, Linda J. Hood, Ph.D., Leah Goforth, MS, Karen Friderici, Ph.D., Rachel Fisher, Ph.D., Guy Van Camp, Ph.D., Charles I. Berlin, Ph.D., Carole Oddoux, Ph.D., Harry Ostrer, MD, Bronya Keats, Ph.D., Thomas B. Friedman, Ph.D., Theresa San Agustin, MD, Jan Dumon, MD, “Mutations in the connexin 26 gene (GJB2) among Ashkenazi Jews with nonsyndromic recessive deafness,” New England Journal of Medicine 339 (1998): 1500–1505.

  Number of abortions in Russia: I. I. Grebesheva, L. G. Kamsyuk, I. L. Alesina, “Kontratseptsiya glazami zhenshchiny,” http://www.owl.ru/win/research/contrac.htm (accessed November 17, 2007).

  Sex selection: Y. Verlinsky, S. Rechitsky, M. Freidine, J. Cieslak, C. Strom, A. Lifchez, “Birth of a healthy girl after preimplantation gender determination using a combination of polymerase chain reaction and fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis. Preimplantation Genetics Group,” Fertility and Sterility 65 (February 1996): 358–360; A. Malpani, A. Malpani, D. Modi, “The use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis in sex selection for family balancing in India,” Reproductive Biomedicine Online 4 (January–February 2002): 7–9; Judy Siegel-Itzkovich, “Israel allows sex selection of embryos for non-medical reasons,” British Medical Journal 330 (May 28, 2005).

  Chromosomal abnormalities and abortions: B. L. Shaffer, A. B. Caughey, M. E. Norton, “Variation in the decision to terminate pregnancy in the setting of fetal aneuploidy,” Prenatal Diagnosis 8 (August 2006): 667–671; Arthur Robinson, Bruce Bender, Joyce Borelli, Mary Puck, James Salbenblatt, “Sex chromosomal anomalies: Prospective studies in children,” Journal of Behavioral Genetics 13 (July 1983): 321–329.

  Index

  Aaron (brother of Moses), [>], [>]

  abortion

  spontaneous, [>]

  therapeutic, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>] n

  Abraham, [>]

  achondroplasia, [>]

  addiction, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>] n, [>] n

  adenosine deaminase deficiency, [>]

  adenovirus, [>]

  adoption studies, [>]

  adrenoleukodystrophy, [>], [>]–[>], [>] n

  adult hemoglobin, [>]–[>]

  adult-onset diseases, [>], [>]

  adverse reactions to medication, [>], [>], [>] n

  aerosolized pentamidine, [>]

  affective valence, [>]–[>]

  Affymetrix, [>], [>]

  Africa

  ancient DNA studies, [>]–[>]

  as common homeland of humankind, [>], [>]

  genetic ancestry tests, [>]–[>]

  Lemba of, [>]–[>], [>] n

  African Americans

  African American Heart Failure Trial, [>]–[>], [>] n

  sickle-cell anemia, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>] n

  aggression, [>], [>]

  aggression gene, [>]–[>], [>], [>] n

  AIDS, [>]–[>]

  Akhziv, Israel, [>]

  Alcoholics Anonymous, [>]

  alcohol tolerance, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  allele, frequency, [>], [>]

  alleles, defined, [>]

  altruism, [>]–[>]

  American Cancer Society, [>], [>], [>]

  American Journal of Human Genetics, [>]

  Amish, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2) and, [>]

  glutaric aciduria Type 1 (GA1) and, [>]–[>], [>]

  retinitis pigmentosa and, [>]–[>], [>] n

  seizure disorders and, [>]

  amniocentesis, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  AncestrybyDNA, [>], [>]

  Andrejas, Rozalia, [>], [>]

  anemia, [>]–[>]

  diamond-blackfan, [>]–[>]

  Fanconi’s, [>], [>], [>]–[>]

  sickle-cell, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>] n

  anesthesia, adverse reactions to, [>], [>]

  Anticancer Research, [>]

  antidepressants, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  antipsychotic medication, [>]

  antiretroviral drug “cocktails,” [>]

  anti-Semitism, [>]–[>], [>]

  antisocial behavior, [>]–[>]

  anxiety, [>]

  Applied Nutrition, [>]

  Ashkelon bone fragments, [>]–[>]

  Ashkenazi Jews

  Bloom syndrome and, [>], [>]–[>]

  breast/ovarian cancer-gene mutation among. see breast/ovarian cancer-gene mutations

  Canavan disease and, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  as closed group, [>]

  Cohanim oral tradition/genetic markers, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>] n

  common origins of, [>]–[>]

  congenital adrenal hyperplasia, [>]

  congenital deafness and, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>] n

  connections among populations, [>]–[>]

  cystic fibrosis and, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>] n

  Dor Yeshorim program and, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]

  familial dysautonomia and, [>], [>], [>], [>] n

  Fanconi’s anemia Type C and, [>], [>], [>]–[>]

  founder effect and, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>] n

  Gaucher’s disease and, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  gene flow and, [>]–[>]

  genetic ancestry tests, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>] n

  genetic drift and, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]

  glycogen storage disease Type I, [>], [>]

  intelligence and, [>]–[>], [>] n

  Levites, [>]–[>], [>] n

  Mucolipidosis Type IV and, [>]

  mutation in connexin 26 gene, [>]

  Niemann-Pick and, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  pemphigus vulgaris, [>]–[>]

  population size of, [>]

  settlement history in Europe, [>]

  Tay-Sachs and. see Tay-Sachs

  thalassemias among, [>]–[>], [>]–[>] n

  torsion dystonia, [>]

  assisted suicide, [>], [>]

  autosomes, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  availability heuristic, [>]–[>]

  Avraham, Karen, [>]–[>]

  Bantu heritage, [>]

  Baréma, Jean, [>]

  basal ganglia, [>]

  Baton Rouge Killer, [>]

  Bauer-Wu, Susan, [>]–[>], [>]

  beauty, breasts and, [>]–[>]

  Behar, Doron, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>] n

  behavior genes, [>]–[>]

  Belyaev, Dmitry Konstantinovich, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  benign granulomas, [>]–[>]

  Berkowitz, Ross, [>]–[>], [>] n

  Berkwitz, Frances, [>]

  beta-thalassemia, [>]–[>], [>]–[>] n

  Bigham, Amy, [>]

  biobabble, [>], [>], [>]

  biopsies, [>], [>], [>]

  birth control, [>], [>]

  Blair, Tony, [>]–[>]

  blood disorders, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]

  Bloom syndrome, [>], [>]–[>]

  blunters, [>]–[>], [>]

  bone-marrow transplants, [>], [>]

  bounded rationality (Kahneman), [>], [>]–[>], [>] n

  brain soup, [>], [>]

  Branbatti, Bruno, [>]

  BRCA1/BRCA2 genes, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  age of breast cancer onset and, [>]

  breast cancer survivors and, [>]–[>], [>]–[>] n

  described, [>]–[>]

  mutations. see breast/ovarian cancer-gene mutations

  origins of, [>]–[>]

  testing for, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>] n

  breast cancer, see also breast/ovarian cancer-gene mutations

  age of onset, [>], [>] n

  biopsies and, [>], [>]

  BRCA1 and BRCA2 role in, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  incidence of, [>] n

  in men, [>], [>], [>], [>] n

  preventive mastectomy and, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]�
��[>], [>] n

  risk of, [>], [>] n

  risk of recurrence, [>]–[>]

  role of genetic mutations in, [>]–[>]

  screening for, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]

  breast envelope, [>]

  breast-feeding, [>], [>], [>]

  breast/ovarian cancer-gene mutations

  breast and ovarian cancer onset and, [>]–[>]

  cancer family syndrome and, [>]–[>], [>]

  among Catholics in the American Southwest, [>], [>] n

  clues indicating, [>]–[>]

  consanguineous marriage and, [>]–[>]

  decision to have children, [>]–[>]

  ethnic basis of, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]

  founder mutation and, [>]–[>], [>]

  groups of women sharing, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]

  in Holland, [>]–[>]

  identification of, [>]–[>]

  nature of, [>]–[>]

  passing to children, [>]–[>]

  predictive testing for, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>] n

  preventive mastectomy and, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>] n

  preventive oophorectomy and, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>] n

  psychological approach to, [>]–[>]

  risk of breast/ovarian cancer and, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>] n, [>] n

  risk of inheriting, [>], [>]

  risks of other cancers with, [>], [>] n

  screening for, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  breasts

  preventive mastectomy and, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>] n

  role of, [>]–[>]

  Brigham and Women’s Hospital (Boston), [>]

  Brunner, Han, [>]–[>]

  “bubble boy” disease, [>], [>], [>]

  CA-125 (cancer antigen 125), [>], [>]

  caffeine, [>]

  CAG repeats, in Huntington’s disease, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  Canavan disease, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Cancer (journal), [>]

  cancer destiny, [>], [>] n

  cancer excess, [>]

  cancer family syndrome, [>], [>]

  family information services and, [>]–[>]

  in Green Bay, Wisconsin, [>]–[>], [>]

  prophylactic surgery and, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]. see also mastectomy, preventive; oophorectomy

  Cancer Risk and Prevention Program (Dana-Farber Cancer Institute), [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  Caplin, Andrew, [>]–[>]

  carriers

  defined, [>]

  self-knowledge of status, [>]–[>]

  testing, for Tay-Sachs disease, [>]–[>]

  catatonia, [>]–[>]

  caudate nucleus, [>]–[>]

  cerebral palsy, [>]–[>], [>]

  chemotherapy, [>]

  adverse reactions to, [>], [>]

  for ovarian cancer, [>]–[>], [>]

  Children’s Hospital (Hershey, Pennsylvania), [>]

  Children’s Hospital (Philadelphia), [>]–[>], [>]

  chorionic villus sampling (CVS), [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>] n, [>] n

  chromosomal analysis of tissue, [>], [>], [>]

  chromosomes

  abnormalities of, [>], [>], [>], [>] n

  autosomal, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  chromosome [>], [>]–[>], [>]

  chromosome [>], [>]–[>]

  defined, [>]

  sex. see sex chromosomes

  cigarette addiction, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>] n, [>] n

  client-centered therapy, [>]

  Clinic for Special Children (Strasburg, Pennsylvania), [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  Clinton, Bill, [>]–[>]

  closed groups

  Amish, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]

  Ashkenazi Jews, [>]. see also Ashkenazi Jews

  endogamy and, [>]

  Lemba, [>]–[>], [>]

  Old Order Mennonites, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  as social construct, [>]

  cognitive difficulties

  as a result of early surgical menopause, [>], [>]–[>]

  as a result of Huntington’s disease, [>]–[>]

  Cohanim oral tradition/genetic markers, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>] n

  colectomy, [>]–[>], [>]

  colon cancer, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  colonoscopy, [>]

  colorectal cancer, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>] n

  colostomy, [>], [>]

  Committee for the Scientific Treatment of Severe, Genetically Determined Illness, [>]

  complex traits, [>]–[>], [>]

  Compound Q, [>]

  concentration camps, [>]

  confidence intervals, [>]

  congenital adrenal hyperplasia, [>]

  connexins, [>]

  consanguineous marriage

  association with cancers, [>]–[>]

  defined, [>]

  Consumer Genetics, [>]

  contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2), [>]

  conversion to Judaism, [>]–[>], [>]

  Coolidge, Calvin, [>]

  corticosteroids, [>]

  corticosterone, [>]

  counterselection, [>]

  craniometers, [>]–[>]

  critical-care doctors, [>]–[>]

  crowd mentality, [>]–[>]

  crypto-Jews, [>]

  cystic fibrosis, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>] n

  Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (Boston), [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  dancing ability, [>]–[>]

  deafness, genetics of, [>]–[>], [>], [>] n

  dementia, in Huntington’s disease, [>]–[>]

  Denomme, Julie, [>]–[>]

  depression, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>] n

  designer babies, [>], [>]

  DeSilva, Ashanthi, [>]

  diamond-blackfan anemia, [>]–[>]

  diet

  low-fat, [>], [>], [>] n

  of Orthodox Jews, [>]

  digit span, [>]

  discount factor, [>]–[>]

  Diseases of the Colon and Rectum, [>]–[>]

  DNA. see also genetic testing

  ancient, [>]–[>]

  Cohanim oral tradition/genetic markers and, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>] n

  connections among populations, [>]–[>]

  disorders of repair, [>]

  gargling to collect, [>]–[>]

  genetic ancestry tests, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>] n

  in hair samples, [>]

  marker tests, [>]

  matching information to history, [>]–[>]

  medical genetics and, [>]

  mitochondrial, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>] n

  samples of, in genetics-based medicine, [>]–[>]

  of Y chromosome, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]

  DNAPrint Genomics, [>]–[>], [>] n

  DNA Tribes, [>]

  domestication process

  for mice, [>]–[>], [>] n

  for minks, [>]–[>]

  for rats, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>] n

  for silver foxes, [>]–[>], [>]

  for wolves, [>], [>], [>]

  dominant conditions, [>]. see also cancer family syndrome; Huntington’s disease

  timing of manifestation, [>]

  true dominance in Huntington’s disease, [>]–[>]

  dominant traits, defined, [>]

  domino transplants, [>]

  dopamine receptor-related polymorphism, [>], [>], [>] n

  dopamine receptors, [>]–[>]

  Doppler, [>]

  Dor Yeshorim program, [>]–[>], [>] n

  diseases tested in, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]

  numb
er screened by, [>]

  origins of, [>]–[>]

  as rite of passage, [>]

  self-knowledge of carrier status and, [>]–[>]

  Down syndrome, [>], [>], [>]

  DRD4 dopamine receptor gene, [>]–[>]

  Dreyfus affair, [>]

  drugs. see medications

  Ebstein, Richard, [>]–[>]

  economics and genetic counseling, [>]–[>], [>]

  EDN3 gene, [>]

  EDNRB gene, [>]

  Ekstein, Josef, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  embryo biopsy, [>]

  endogamy, [>], [>]. see also closed groups

  endorphins, [>